Standard Clauses providing sample language responding to an examiner's claim that the applicant's mark is identical or similar in meaning to a cited mark under the doctrine of foreign equivalents. They are for use when arguing the dissimilarity of the marks in a response to a likelihood of confusion refusal (also known as a Section 2(d) refusal) in a US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) trademark office action. Applicant or counsel can use these clauses, together with clauses and language addressing any other applicable likelihood of confusion arguments and any other refusal grounds, to draft an office action response. These Standard Clauses include integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips.