A Practice Note addressing federal independent dispute resolution (IDR) procedures regarding surprise medical billing requirements for group health plans and health insurers, as enacted under the No Surprises Act (NSA) (part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (CAA-21)). The NSA's IDR requirements were addressed in extensive implementing regulations issued by the federal administrative agencies in October 2021 and August 2022. The regulations include detailed payment dispute resolution procedures for plans, insurers, and health providers regarding NSA-covered items and services.