A Practice Note on Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) penalty determinations for violations of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act) or OSHA standards and factors for reducing a penalty, including employer size, history, and good faith efforts. This Note discusses employer considerations for evaluating a proposed penalty, contesting a penalty and pursuing Occupational Safety and Health Commission (OSHRC) or judicial review, and settling a penalty. This Note addresses federal law.