A Practice Note addressing the independent dispute resolution (IDR) process for providers (including physicians and billing practitioners) and facilities (including hospitals, freestanding emergency departments, and urgent care centers) under the No Surprises Act (part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (CAA-21)). This resource reflects interim final regulations (IFRs), issued in October 2021, to implement the No Surprises Act's requirements for the determination of out-of-network (OON) rates, the open negotiation process between providers or facilities and payors, as well as the IDR process. This resource also includes updates from final regulations, issues in August 2022, addressing certain aspects of the IDR process.