Presentation skills: the basics | Practical Law

Presentation skills: the basics | Practical Law

This note outlines some basic presentation skills. It looks at how to prepare for a public speaking slot and highlights some techniques for chairing panel discussions.

Presentation skills: the basics

Practical Law UK Practice Note w-020-4042 (Approx. 7 pages)

Presentation skills: the basics

MaintainedUnited Kingdom
This note outlines some basic presentation skills. It looks at how to prepare for a public speaking slot and highlights some techniques for chairing panel discussions.
If you have reached a senior position in your organisation or have become a recognised expert in a specialist field, you may be called on to speak publicly or give presentations. Examples of public speaking engagements include:
  • Presenting your department's strategic plan to the organisation's board.
  • Addressing shareholders at your organisation's AGM.
  • Explaining to the organisation what the legal function does and how it contributes to wider business goals.
  • Addressing the media, possibly in response to a crisis.
  • Speaking at industry conferences, either as a speaker or chair of a panel.
Different people have different feelings towards public speaking. For some, the prospect is too nerve-wracking to contemplate, while for others, especially those who love the sound of their own voice, it's an opportunity to enjoy the limelight. Whatever your stance, there's one thing that makes it easier and more effective for everyone: preparation. Preparing for a presentation takes many forms and, done well, will help you feel more confident and reduce the chances of you delivering an irrelevant or, worse, boring speech.

Effective ways to prepare for a presentation

Research your audience

Consider:
  • What aspect of your subject area are the audience most interested in?
  • How well informed about the subject are the audience?
  • Are the audience interested in the subject from a particular perspective (for example, from a finance, legal, marketing or other viewpoint)?

What are the key takeaways

Most business presentations are about giving actionable insights. Consider what the audience should be taking away from the presentation and how they should be using that information.

Plan your presentation

What is your core theme and how long can (or must) you speak for? A good tip for making your message memorable when presenting is to follow the rule of three:
  • Tell them what you are going to tell them. Introduce your big idea at the outset and explain that your presentation will enlarge on that theme.
  • Tell them. This is the main body of your presentation.
  • Tell them what you have told them. When you reach the end of the main body, summarise by repeating your core theme, this time with the supporting points in short, bullet point style.
When writing your speech, keep your sentences short and, where possible, avoid words of more than two syllables. You may be surprised at how difficult reading your copy out loud is compared to reading it in silence. Use inclusive words, such as "us", "we" and "our" to develop engagement with your audience. This will also help to control your nerves. "Hello, we are here today to consider..." is a much better opening than "I am here today to tell you about [X] in the next 30 minutes".
When planning for the duration of your speech, aim for 2.5 words per second. This allows for slow (but not too slow), clear delivery, pauses for effect and sips of water. If you tend to speak too fast, try to feel the air pass through your throat as you speak. This tends to slow your speech down and makes your voice "project" better. Consider whether you feel more comfortable using bullet points in your talk as an alternative to a written speech. The former has the benefit of developing a natural flow to the presentation and may make it less formal, but it's a matter of personal preference.
Use visual aids and supporting examples
Visual aids are great for bringing a presentation alive and making your points last long in the audience's memory. However, avoid the temptation to use them as a crutch and ensure that they are accessible to everyone in the audience. Avoid too much text on slides as it will probably be too small for people at the back to read and will distract the audience from what you are saying.
When using examples, make sure that they connect to the point you want to reinforce. People read or listen, so you are either showing pictures and adding a few comments or you are talking, and the slides are reinforcing the comments that you are making. Remember who your audience is. For example, if you are presenting the legal team budget to the CFO, use bar charts, graphs and pie charts, rather than just bullet points and text.
Do a dry run with a colleague
It's only when you rehearse a presentation that you can test it for flow, ease of delivery, quality of content, timing and relevance. Don't worry if you have not covered absolutely everything. Sometimes it's good to hold information back as that provides material for a Q&A session, if your slot allows for one. The dry run also gives an opportunity to build drama into your presentation by factoring in inflections in your voice, body language and pauses to emphasise key points.

Chairing a panel

If you are chairing a panel at a conference, agree a running order with your panellists in advance. Structure this so a different person leads for two to three minutes on their topic, followed by a one or two-minute top-up explanation.

Organise a preparation call

Arrange a preparation call (sometimes two) to make sure that your panellists:
  • Are going to be relevant on content.
  • Stick to the panel topic.
  • Have considered what they are going to say.
  • Do not overlap on content.
  • Have enough (but not too much) to say in the time allotted to them.
Summarise this back by email ahead of the call as a detailed running agenda.
If you can help to select the panel, then avoid people who will not prepare and share. They tend to overrun other peoples' time and content, and to veer off the topic; all of which lets you, the other panellists and, critically, the audience down.

On the day

Meet with the panel ahead of the session to remind them of the running order and, if relevant, discuss any themes emerging from earlier sessions. Always try to attend the sessions before your own slot or at least the introductory and immediately preceding sessions. Referencing them during your session helps show a consistent theme to the event. Ideally, the conference organiser will have shared much of the material with you in advance.

Starting the session

Start the session by briefly explaining how your panel understands the topic. Most session titles are loosely framed to allow the panel to speak freely but this can lead to a range of expectations among the audience. Setting out your stall at the beginning will avoid any ambiguity arising from the session title. You could open with an icebreaker question asking for a show of hands. This will wake people up, test potential engagement and give you an early insight into the needs of the audience. It could also give you a hook for panellist contributions.

Moderating the discussion

Position yourself so that you can see the other panellists and they you. This allows you to use non-verbal cues unseen by the audience if panellists are overrunning or becoming boring. Similarly, pre-agree a code word such as "interesting" that will allow you to politely talk over the top of someone to move them on. For example:
"Alex, that's a really interesting point; and one I've struggled with. Cameron, what's your view on this?"
You may, as the chair, have to paraphrase a panellist's contribution if they have answered in a vague or rambling way. Again, put a positive spin on it, while making it more concise for the audience's benefit:
"That sounds great, Evan. So, if I've understood correctly, in a nutshell…"
Prepare some comments that show, subtly, you're as expert as the panel on the subject matter. This will help you bridge contributions between panellists and move seamlessly onto the next topic.

Q&A session

Watch some of the sessions before your own to get a feel for how the audience engages with the Q&A session. If they're quiet, aim to run to within five minutes of your allotted time and, if there are no questions from the floor, have one or two of your own prepared. Ensure that you have pre-agreed them with the panellists so that they do not get caught out. If the audience is talkative, try to allow up to ten minutes. Finally, prepare a three to four sentence summary to close the Q&A and to conclude the session.
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