This Practice Note provides an overview of employers' rights and obligations under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act) and its corresponding safety and health regulations. It also summarizes inspection and enforcement efforts by the agency that enforces the OSH Act, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), as well as recordkeeping and reporting requirements. This Note addresses federal law relevant to employers in every state and refers to states that may impose additional requirements on employers in this topic area.