DOL Increases Civil Money Penalties for 2018, Effective January 2, 2018 | Practical Law

DOL Increases Civil Money Penalties for 2018, Effective January 2, 2018 | Practical Law

The Department of Labor (DOL) issued final regulations that include the agency's 2018 annual inflation adjustments to civil money penalties assessed in its regulations, effective January 2, 2018. The adjustments are required under the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, as amended by the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act Improvements Act of 2015 (Inflation Adjustment Act). The final regulations address penalties imposed under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA), Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), and the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), among other statutes.

DOL Increases Civil Money Penalties for 2018, Effective January 2, 2018

Practical Law Legal Update w-012-4306 (Approx. 13 pages)

DOL Increases Civil Money Penalties for 2018, Effective January 2, 2018

by Practical Law Employee Benefits & Executive Compensation
Published on 04 Jan 2018USA (National/Federal)
The Department of Labor (DOL) issued final regulations that include the agency's 2018 annual inflation adjustments to civil money penalties assessed in its regulations, effective January 2, 2018. The adjustments are required under the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, as amended by the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act Improvements Act of 2015 (Inflation Adjustment Act). The final regulations address penalties imposed under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA), Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), and the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), among other statutes.
On December 29, 2017, the Department of Labor (DOL) issued final regulations containing inflation adjustments to civil money penalties that the DOL administers. The adjustments are required under the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, as amended by the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act Improvements Act of 2015 (Inflation Adjustment Act). The Inflation Adjustment Act significantly revised the method for calculating inflation adjustments for penalty increases, including by:
  • Providing an initial "catch-up" adjustment for civil money penalties.
  • Requiring the DOL to annually adjust the penalties for inflation (under a cost-of-living formula), by January 15 of each year.
In July 2016, the DOL issued interim final regulations establishing an initial catch-up for civil money penalties that the agency administers (see Legal Update, DOL Increases Civil Money Penalties, Effective August 1). This included penalties imposed under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA), Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), and Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA). The changes affected penalties enforced by:
In January 2017, the DOL published final regulations with the DOL's 2017 annual inflation adjustment to its civil money penalties (see Legal Update, DOL Increases Civil Money Penalties for 2017, Effective January 13, 2017).
The final regulations released on December 29, 2017 include the DOL's 2018 annual inflation adjustment to its civil money penalties. The Federal Register version of the regulations was published on January 2, 2018 (83 Fed. Reg. 7 (Jan. 2, 2018)). (Under the Inflation Adjustment Act, the DOL's annual inflation adjustment must be published by January 15 each year.)

Effective Date of 2018 Annual Adjustments

The final regulations are effective January 2, 2018. As provided by the Inflation Adjustment Act, the increased penalty levels apply to any penalties assessed after this date. This means that the final regulations' higher penalty amounts apply for penalties assessed after January 2, 2018, whose associated violations occurred after November 2, 2015. (The final regulations were not subject to notice-and-comment rulemaking requirements under Section 553 of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA); see Legal Update, Two District Courts Block Enforcement of the Trump Administration's October 2017 Contraceptives Rules: APA Requirements for Administrative Rulemaking.)
The DOL provided a table illustrating which penalty level applies, keyed to when the underlying violation occurred and when the resulting penalty was assessed.
Violations Occurring:
Penalty Assessed:
Applicable Penalty Level:
On or before November 2, 2015
On or before August 1, 2016
Pre-August 1, 2016 levels
On or before November 2, 2015
After August 1, 2016
Pre-August 1, 2016 levels
After November 2, 2015
After August 1, 2016, but on or before January 13, 2017
August 1, 2016 levels
After November 2, 2015
After January 13, 2017 but on or before January 2, 2018
January 13, 2017 levels
After November 2, 2015
After January 2, 2018
January 2, 2018 levels

Adjustment Process and Calculation

The annual adjustment is based on the Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers (CPI-U). In general, an adjustment is calculated using the percent change between the:
  • October CPI-U preceding the date of the adjustment (here, the October 2017 CPI-U).
  • Prior year's October CPI-U (here, the October 2016 CPI-U).
The cost-of-living adjustment multiplier for 2018, based on the CPI-U for October 2017, not seasonally adjusted, is 1.02041. To calculate the 2018 annual adjustment, the DOL multiplied the most recent penalty amount for each applicable penalty by the multiplier, 1.02041, and rounded to the nearest dollar.

Table of Adjusted Penalties for Violations of Select ERISA Requirements

The below table reflects the DOL's 2018 annual inflation adjustments to the civil money penalties for violations of certain requirements under ERISA, effective January 2, 2018.
ERISA Provision
Description of Violation
Maximum 2018 Penalty (As Adjusted)
ERISA § 209(b) 
Failure to furnish certain reports (such as pension benefit statements) or to maintain records
$29
ERISA § 502(c)(2)
Failure or refusal to properly file a plan's annual report (Form 5500) 
$2,140
ERISA § 502(c)(4)
Failure to (i) notify participants of certain benefit restrictions or limitations under Internal Revenue Code (Code) Section 436(f); (ii) for multiemployer plans, (A) provide certain financial and actual reports and (B) provide estimates of withdrawal liability; and (iii) furnish automatic contribution arrangement notices (QACA notices) (see Standard Document, Safe Harbor Notice for Qualified Retirement Plans with Optional QACA Provisions)
$1,693
ERISA § 502(c)(5)
Failure of a multiple employer welfare arrangement (MEWA) to file an annual report
$1,558
ERISA § 502(c)(6)
Failure to provide information requested by the Secretary of Labor under ERISA Section 104(a)(6)
$152 per day, not to exceed $1,527 per request
ERISA § 502(c)(7)
Failure to provide a required blackout notice and notice of right to divest employer securities (see Standard Document, Blackout Notice)
$136
ERISA § 502(c)(8)
Failure of multiemployer plan in endangered status to adopt a funding improvement plan (or if in critical status, a rehabilitation plan)
Failure also applies to an endangered status plan (that is not a seriously endangered status plan) that fails to meet its benchmark by end of funding improvement period (see Practice Note, Multiemployer Pension Plans)
$1,344
ERISA § 502(c)(9)(A)
Per day failure by an employer to inform employees of CHIP coverage opportunities under ERISA Section 701(f)(3)(B)(i)(l) (each employee a separate violation)
$114
ERISA § 502(c)(9)(B)
Per day failure by a plan to timely provide to any state information required to be disclosed under ERISA Section 701(f)(3(B)(ii) (each participant or beneficiary a separate violation)
$114
ERISA § 502(c)(10)
Failure by any plan sponsor of a group health plan, or any health insurer offering coverage in connection with the plan, to satisfy ERISA's requirements regarding genetic information (multiple subparts) (see Practice Note, GINA Compliance for Health and Welfare Plans)
$114
$2,847
$17,084
$569,468
ERISA § 502(c)(12)
Failure of CSEC plan sponsor to establish or update a funding restoration plan
$104
ERISA § 502(m)
Prohibited distribution under ERISA Section 206(e)
$16,499
ERISA § 715
Failure to provide required Affordable Care Act (ACA) summaries of benefits and coverage (SBCs) (Section 2715 of the Public Health Service Act; 42 U.S.C. § 300gg-15) (see Practice Note, Summaries of Benefits and Coverage Under the ACA)
$1,128

Table of Adjusted Penalties for Violations of Select WHD Requirements

The below table reflects the DOL's 2018 annual inflation adjustments to the civil money penalties for violations of certain requirements under WHD enforcement authority, effective January 2, 2018.
Statute/Regulation
Description of Violation
2018 Penalty (As Adjusted)
Violation of MSPA or any of its regulations
$2,443
Violation of work contract or of H-2A visa program's statutory or regulatory requirements
$1,692
Willful violation of work contract or of H-2A visa program's statutory or regulatory requirements, or for each act of discrimination prohibited by Section 501.4
$5,695
Violation of housing or transportation safety and health provision of work contract or of H-2A visa program's statutory or regulatory requirements that proximately causes worker's death or serious injury
$56,391 for each worker
Repeat or willful violation of housing or transportation safety and health provision of work contract or of H-2A visa program's statutory or regulatory requirements that proximately causes worker's death or serious injury
$112,780 for each worker
Failure to cooperate with WHD investigation into H-2A violation
$5,695 for each investigation
Laying off or displacing a US worker employed under circumstances specified in Section 501.19(e)
$16,917 for each violation for each worker
Improperly rejecting a US worker applicant for employment in violation of the H-2A visa program's statutory or regulatory requirements
$16,917 for each violation for each worker
Violation of D-1 visa program involving crewmembers for longshore activities in US ports
$9,239 for each crewmember for whom there has been a violation
Violation of H-1B visa program
$1,848
Willful violation of H-1B visa program or discrimination against an employee
$7,520
Willful violation that displaced a US worker within 90 days before and 90 days after an H-1B petition was filed
$52,641 for each violation
Violation related to homeworkers – recordkeeping
$20-$201 (minor), $201-$402 (substantial), $402-$1,026 (repeated, intentional, or knowing)
Employment of homeworkers without a certificate
$201-$402 (substantial), $402-$1,026 (repeated, intentional, or knowing)
Repeat or willful violation of FLSA minimum wage and overtime requirements
$1,964 for each violation
Violations of FLSA child labor provisions or regulations
$12,529 for each employee subject to the violation
Violations of FLSA child labor provisions or regulations that cause death or serious injury to an employee under age 18
$56,947 for each violation (doubled to $113,894 if the violation is repeated or willful
Violation of EPPA or of part 801
$20,521
Violation of FMLA posting requirement
$169 for each separate offense

Table of Adjusted Penalties for Violations of Select OSHA Requirements

The below table reflects the DOL's 2018 annual inflation adjustments to the civil money penalties for violations of certain requirements under OSH Act, effective January 2, 2018.
Statute/Regulation
Description of Violation
2018 Penalty (As Adjusted)
Repeated or willful violation of OSH Act Section 5, rules or orders under OSH Act Section 6, or applicable regulations
$129,336 for each violation (minimum of $9,239 for each violation)
Serious violation of OSH Act Section 5, rules or orders under OSH Act Section 6, or applicable regulations
$12,934 for each violation
Other-than-serious violation of OSH Act Section 5, rules or orders under OSH Act Section 6, or applicable regulations
$12,934 for each day during which violation continues
Failure to correct a violation of OSH Act
$12,934 for each day during which violation continues
Violation of OSH Act posting requirement
$12,934 for each violation

Practical Implications

The DOL's 2018 inflation adjustment is the second annual adjustment published by the DOL following review of the agency's civil penalties under the Inflation Adjustment Act.
As with previous adjustments, practitioners must be aware of the increased penalties under the final regulations to properly advise clients on their potential liability for violations of the statutes or regulations impacted by the Inflation Adjustment Act.