DOL Increases Civil Money Penalties for 2024 | Practical Law

DOL Increases Civil Money Penalties for 2024 | Practical Law

The Department of Labor (DOL) has issued final regulations that include the agency's 2024 annual inflation adjustments to civil money penalties assessed in its regulations, effective January 15, 2024. The adjustments are required under the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, as amended by the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act Improvements Act of 2015 (Inflation Adjustment Act). The final regulations address penalties imposed under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act), Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA), and Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), among other statutes.

DOL Increases Civil Money Penalties for 2024

Practical Law Legal Update w-041-9110 (Approx. 15 pages)

DOL Increases Civil Money Penalties for 2024

by Practical Law Employee Benefits & Executive Compensation
Published on 11 Jan 2024USA (National/Federal)
The Department of Labor (DOL) has issued final regulations that include the agency's 2024 annual inflation adjustments to civil money penalties assessed in its regulations, effective January 15, 2024. The adjustments are required under the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, as amended by the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act Improvements Act of 2015 (Inflation Adjustment Act). The final regulations address penalties imposed under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act), Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA), and Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), among other statutes.
On January 10, 2024, the Department of Labor (DOL) issued final regulations containing inflation adjustments to civil money penalties that the DOL administers (89 Fed. Reg. 1810 (Jan. 11, 2024)). The adjustments are required under the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, as amended by the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act Improvements Act of 2015 (Inflation Adjustment Act). As background, the Inflation Adjustment Act significantly revised the method for calculating inflation adjustments for penalty increases, including by:
  • Providing an initial "catch-up" adjustment for civil money penalties.
  • Requiring the DOL and other federal agencies to annually adjust the penalties for inflation (using a cost-of-living formula), by January 15 of each year.
In July 2016, the DOL issued interim final regulations establishing an initial catch-up for civil money penalties that the agency administers (see Legal Update, DOL Increases Civil Money Penalties, Effective August 1). This included penalties imposed under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act), Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), and Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA). The changes affected penalties that are enforced by:
For the DOL's annual inflation adjustments for 2017 through 2023, see Legal Updates:

Effective Date of 2024 Annual Adjustments

The DOL final regulations are effective January 15, 2024. As provided by the Inflation Adjustment Act, the increased penalty levels apply to any penalties assessed after this date. This means that the final regulations' higher penalty amounts apply for penalties assessed after January 15, 2024, whose associated violations occurred after November 2, 2015. (The final regulations were not subject to notice-and-comment rulemaking requirements under Section 553 of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA).)
The following DOL table illustrates which penalty level applies, keyed to when the underlying violation occurred and when the resulting penalty was assessed.
Violations Occurring:
Penalty Assessed:
Applicable Penalty Level:
On or before November 2, 2015
On or before August 1, 2016
Pre-August 1, 2016 levels
On or before November 2, 2015
After August 1, 2016
Pre-August 1, 2016 levels
After November 2, 2015
After August 1, 2016, but on or before January 13, 2017
August 1, 2016 levels
After November 2, 2015
After January 13, 2017, but on or before January 2, 2018
January 13, 2017 levels
After November 2, 2015
After January 2, 2018, but on or before January 23, 2019
January 2, 2018 levels
After November 2, 2015
After January 23, 2019, but on or before January 15, 2020
January 23, 2019 levels
After November 2, 2015
After January 15, 2020, but on or before January 15, 2021
January 15, 2020 levels
After November 2, 2015
After January 15, 2021, but on or before January 15, 2022
January 15, 2021 levels
After November 2, 2015
After January 15, 2022, but on or before January 15, 2023
January 15, 2022 levels
After November 2, 2015
After January 15, 2023, but on or before January 15, 2024
January 15, 2023 levels
After November 2, 2015
After January 15, 2024
January 15, 2024 levels

Adjustment Process and Calculation

The annual adjustment is based on the Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers (CPI-U). In general, an adjustment is calculated using the percent change between:
  • The October CPI-U preceding the date of the adjustment (here, the October 2023 CPI-U).
  • The prior year's October CPI-U (here, the October 2022 CPI-U).
The cost-of-living adjustment multiplier for 2024, based on the CPI-U for October 2023, not seasonally adjusted, is 1.03241. To calculate the 2024 annual adjustment, the DOL multiplied the most recent penalty amount for each applicable penalty by the multiplier, 1.03241, and rounded to the nearest dollar.

Table of Adjusted Penalties for Violations of Select ERISA Requirements

The below table reflects the DOL's 2024 annual inflation adjustments to the civil money penalties for violations of certain requirements under ERISA, effective January 15, 2024.
ERISA Provision
Description of Violation
Maximum 2024 Penalty (As Adjusted)
ERISA § 209(b) 
Failure to furnish certain reports (for example, pension benefit statements) or to maintain employee records
$37
ERISA § 502(c)(2)
Failure or refusal to properly file a plan's annual report (Form 5500) (see Practice Note, Form 5500 for Employee Benefit Plans: Overview)
$2,670
ERISA § 502(c)(4)
Failure to (i) notify participants of certain benefit restrictions or limitations under Internal Revenue Code (Code) Section 436(f); (ii) for multiemployer plans, (A) provide certain financial and actuarial reports and (B) provide estimates of withdrawal liability; and (iii) furnish automatic contribution arrangement notices (QACA notices) (see Standard Document, Safe Harbor Notice for Qualified Retirement Plans with QACA Provisions)
$2,112
ERISA § 502(c)(5)
Failure of a multiple employer welfare arrangement (MEWA) to file an annual report
$1,942
ERISA § 502(c)(6)
Failure to provide information requested by the Secretary of Labor under ERISA Section 104(a)(6)
$190 per day; not to exceed $1,906 per request
ERISA § 502(c)(7)
Failure to provide a required blackout notice and notice of right to divest employer securities (see Standard Document, Blackout Notice)
$169
ERISA § 502(c)(8)
Failure of multiemployer plan in endangered status to adopt a funding improvement plan (or if in critical status, a rehabilitation plan)
Failure also applies to an endangered status plan (that is not a seriously endangered status plan) that does not meet its benchmark by end of funding improvement period (see Practice Note, Multiemployer Pension Plans)
$1,677
ERISA § 502(c)(9)(A)
Per day failure by an employer to inform employees of coverage opportunities under the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) (ERISA Section 701(f)(3)(B)(i)(l)) (each employee is a separate violation)
$141
ERISA § 502(c)(9)(B)
Per day failure by a plan to timely provide to any state information required to be disclosed under ERISA Section 701(f)(3)(B)(ii) (also regarding CHIP) (each participant or beneficiary a separate violation)
$141
ERISA § 502(c)(10)
Failure by a plan sponsor of a group health plan, or a health insurer offering coverage in connection with the plan, to satisfy ERISA's requirements regarding genetic information (multiple subparts) (see Practice Note, GINA Compliance for Health and Welfare Plans)
$141
$3,550 
$21,310
$710,310
ERISA § 502(c)(12)
Failure of a Cooperative and Small Employer Charity (CSEC) plan sponsor to establish or update a funding restoration plan
$130
ERISA § 502(m)
Failure of fiduciary to make a proper distribution from a defined benefit plan under ERISA Section 206(e)
$20,579
ERISA § 715
Failure to provide summaries of benefits and coverage (SBCs), as required under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) (Section 2715 of the Public Health Service Act (PHSA); 42 U.S.C. § 300gg-15) (see Practice Note, Summaries of Benefits and Coverage Under the ACA)
$1,406

Table of Adjusted Penalties for Violations of Select WHD Requirements

The below table reflects the DOL's 2024 annual inflation adjustments to the civil money penalties for violations of certain requirements under WHD enforcement authority, effective January 15, 2024.
Statute/Regulation
Description of Violation
2024 Penalty (As Adjusted)
Violation of MSPA or any of its regulations
$3,047
Violation of work contract or of H-2A visa program's statutory or regulatory requirements
$2,111
Willful violation of work contract or of H-2A visa program's statutory or regulatory requirements, or for each act of discrimination prohibited by Section 501.4
$7,104
Violation of housing or transportation safety and health provision of work contract or of H-2A visa program's statutory or regulatory requirements that proximately causes worker's death or serious injury
$70,337
Repeat or willful violation of housing or transportation safety and health provision of work contract or of H-2A visa program's statutory or regulatory requirements that proximately causes worker's death or serious injury
$140,674
Failure to cooperate with WHD investigation into H-2A violation
$7,104
Laying off or displacing a US worker employed under circumstances specified in Section 501.19(e)
$21,101
Improperly rejecting a US worker applicant for employment in violation of the H-2A visa program's statutory or regulatory requirements
$21,101
Violation of D-1 visa program involving crewmembers for longshore activities in US ports
$11,524
INA, INA § 212(n)(2)(C)(ii) or (t)(3)(C)(ii) (8 U.S.C. § 1182(n)(2)(C)(ii) or (t)(3)(C)(ii)); 20 C.F.R. § 655.801(b)
Retaliation for supplying information or cooperating with investigation of employer's compliance with INA
$9,380
Violation of H-1B visa program
$2,304
Willful violation of H-1B visa program or discrimination against an employee
$9,380
Willful violation that displaced a US worker within 90 days before and 90 days after an H-1B petition was filed
$65,661
Violation of H-2B wage requirements
$15,445
Violation of H-2B nondiscriminatory hiring, US hiring, and no strike or lockout provisions
$15,445
Any other H-2B violation
$15,445
Violation related to homeworkers – recordkeeping
$25-$1,280
Employment of homeworkers without a certificate
$25-$1,280
Repeat or willful violation of FLSA minimum wage and overtime requirements
$1,373-$2,451
Violations of FLSA child labor provisions or regulations
$15,629
Violations of FLSA child labor provisions or regulations that cause death or serious injury to an employee under age 18
$71,031
Violation of EPPA or of Part 801
$25,597
Violation of FMLA posting requirement
$211

Table of Adjusted Penalties for Violations of Select OSH Act Requirements

The below table reflects the DOL's 2024 annual inflation adjustments to the civil money penalties for violations of certain requirements under OSH Act, effective January 15, 2024.
Statute/Regulation
Description of Violation
2024 Penalty (As Adjusted)
Repeated or willful violation of OSH Act Section 5, rules or orders under OSH Act Section 6, or applicable regulations
$11,524-$161,323
Serious violation of OSH Act Section 5, rules or orders under OSH Act Section 6, or applicable regulations
$16,131
Other-than-serious violation of OSH Act Section 5, rules or orders under OSH Act Section 6, or applicable regulations
$16,131
Failure to correct a violation of OSH Act
$16,131
Violation of OSH Act posting requirement
$16,131