A package of interlocking reforms, impacting on a number of areas of civil litigation, including but not limited to: costs, funding, case management, disclosure and Part 36. The changes largely came into force on 1 April 2013.

They arose from Jackson LJ's review of civil litigation costs in January 2010, and were implemented through primary and secondary legislation, and changes to the Civil Procedure Rules and accompanying practice directions (the 60th and 61st updates to the CPR were the updates that largely implemented the reforms).

The legislation introducing many of the changes, the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012, was passed in May 2012.

For further detail on the reforms, see the "Related Content" box.