A Practice Note providing an overview of surprise medical billing requirements for providers (including physicians, billing practitioners, and air ambulance service providers) and facilities (including hospitals, freestanding emergency departments, and urgent care centers) under the No Surprises Act (part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (CAA-21)). This resource reflects interim final regulations (IFRs), issued in July and October 2021, to implement the No Surprises Act's prohibitions on surprise medical bills and balance billing and other requirements for providers and facilities including the notice and consent exception process, provider disclosures, good faith estimates, provider directory information, the Independent Dispute Resolution (IDR) process, enforcement, and penalties.