Standard Clauses providing sample language for arguing dissimilarity of trade channels and consumers in response to a US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) trademark office action refusing the proposed mark based on a likelihood of confusion with one or more earlier filed or registered marks (a 2(d) refusal). Applicant or counsel can use these clauses to draft an office action response, together with clauses and language addressing any other applicable likelihood of confusion arguments and other refusal grounds. These Standard Clauses include integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips.