A former department under the State Council responsible for the administration of land, mineral and oceanic resources in China.

The MLR's functions have generally been assumed by the Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) after China's massive government institutional reform in 2018, with exceptions such as the functions of groundwater pollution control, geological disaster prevention and farmland renovation assumed by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), the Ministry of Emergency Management (MEM) (应急管理部) and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) (农业农村部) respectively (see also Practice note, Understanding the 2018 government institutional reform: China: Environmental protection and natural resources).