This Practice Note discusses the anti-discrimination provisions of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA). IRCA prohibits unfair immigration-related employment practices, including national original and citizenship discrimination, retaliation, and unfair documentary practices in the Form I-9 employment eligibility verification process. It addresses individual and employer coverage under IRCA, theories of liability, defenses, and remedies. This Note addresses federal law. For information about employment discrimination under state law, see Anti-Discrimination Laws: State Q&A Tool.