Intentional discrimination against an employee or applicant because of their membership in a protected class or classes. For example, failure to hire, promote, or provide a raise to an employee because of their national origin would be disparate treatment. Disparate treatment is one of the theories of discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII). Another is disparate impact. For more information, see Practice Note, Discrimination Under Title VII: Basics: Disparate Treatment.