A Practice Note providing an overview of the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (HFCAA). It discusses how the HFCAA was enacted to address the problem that the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) was denied access by Chinese authorities to inspect and investigate China-based public accounting firms. This Note then summarizes the principal provisions of the HFCAA and how it has been implemented by the SEC and the PCAOB.