means that the State (law) is not entitled to the usual presumption of validity, that the State rather than the (class of individuals) must carry a “heavy burden of justification,” that the State must demonstrate that its (law) has been structured with “precision,” and is “tailored” narrowly to serve legitimate objectives and that it has selected the “less drastic means” for effectuating its objectives . . . .
(T)he character of the classification in question; the individual interest affected by the classification; and the governmental interests asserted in support of the classification.
never heretofore held that wealth discrimination Alone provides an adequate basis for invoking strict scrutiny.14
(T)he rights of voters and the rights of candidates do not lend themselves to neat separation; laws that affect candidates always have at least some theoretical, correlative effect on voters.
(These) two different, although overlapping, kinds of rights (are) the right of individuals to associate for the advancement of political beliefs, and the right of qualified voters, regardless of their political persuasion, to cast their votes effectively. Both of these rights, of course, rank among our most precious freedoms.
(a) voter may sign a petition even though he has signed others, and a voter who has signed the petition of a nonparty candidate is free thereafter to participate in a party primary. The signer of a petition is not required to state that he intends to vote for that candidate at the election. A person who has previously voted in a party primary is fully eligible to sign a petition, and so, on the other hand, is a person who was not even registered at the time of the previous election. No signature on a nominating petition need be notarized.
(A) candidate who establishes that he cannot pay the filing fee required for a place on the . . . ballot may be required to demonstrate the “seriousness” of his candidacy by persuading a substantial number of voters to sign a petition in his behalf.
(a) majority of States have long required the payment of some form of filing fee, in part to limit the ballot and in part to have candidates pay some of the administrative costs.
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