City of Lansing v. Hilliard | Cases | Westlaw

Section 3 of article 5 of the Constitution (1908) requires that representatives shall be chosen by single districts ‘which shall contain as nearly as may be an equal number of inhabitants.’ Section 3 further provides that in every county which is entitled to more than one representative, the board of supervisors shall divide the county into representative districts equal to the number of representatives to which the county is entitled. Section 4 of article 5 directs the legislature to ‘apportion anew the representatives among the *563 counties and districts according to the number of inhabitants.’ It is significant that in both of these constitutional requirements, namely, the mandate to the legislature to apportion the representatives in the House of the legislature, and the mandate to the board of supervisors to divide into representative districts a county entitled to more than one representative, the Constitution directs that this shall be done as **427 nearly as may be in accordance with the number of inhabitants. Fundamentally, the objective sought by the Constitution, in providing for the membership in the House of Representatives of the State legislature, is that the membership shall be apportioned according to population as nearly as may be. All other provisions of the Constitution in creating the House of Representatives must be read with this fundamental constitutional objective in mind.

In the instant case, Ingham county has a population of 130,616. The legislature has decided that Ingham county is entitled to three representatives in the House. This means one representative for each 43,538 inhabitants. The city of Lansing has a population of 78,753, and Lansing township has a population of 14,274. The board of supervisors by joining the city and township with two representatives has, in effect, created a district with a total population of 93,027, thus allowing one representative for each 46,513 population in this combined area. By so doing the board of supervisors has left the remaining area of Ingham county, with a population of 37,589, to be represented by one representative. This appears to approximate an equal representation according to the number of inhabitants as nearly as may be practicable. Were the city of Lansing to be constituted with two representatives, it would result in one representative for each 39,376 *564 inhabitants within the city, and leave only one representative for 51,863 inhabitants in the rest of the county. Obviously this would not accomplish three representative districts containing ‘as nearly as may be’ an equal number of inhabitants. On the other hand, the result of giving the city of Lansing only one representative would be that 78,753 inhabitants of the city would be represented by only one member of the House, while the rest of Ingham county with the remaining population of 51,863 would be represented by two members of the House.

The appellees contend that decision should be controlled by the provision in section 3 of article 5, which states that when any township or city shall contain a population which entitles it to more than one representative, such township or city shall elect by general ticket the number of representatives to which it is entitled. The lower court construed this to mean any one township or any one city separately, and concluded that a city or a township having a population entitling it to one or more representatives could not be joined with another for the purpose of creating one or more districts. We are unable to agree that this theory should control as against the fundamental objective sought to be accomplished by the Constitution, namely, an equality of representation in the House of Representatives apportioned according to population as nearly as may be, equality of representation as the major controlling objective aimed at by the Constitution. The provision in section 3 that a township or city shall elect by general ticket must be construed in harmony with the earlier mandate in section 3 that no township or city may be divided in the formation of a representative district. We emphasize the requirement found in both section 3 and section 4, that representation *565 shall be apportioned according to the number of inhabitants as nearly as may be. There is no express inhibition in the Constitution prohibiting the joining of a township and a city in a representative district, nor can such an inhibition be necessarily implied. We conclude that the division of territory by the board of supervisors accomplishes the objective sought by the Constitution.