the action that is alleged to be unconstitutional implements or executes a policy statement, ordinance, regulation, or decision officially adopted and promulgated by [the Department] or that a constitutional deprivation [was] visited pursuant to governmental ‘custom’ even though such a custom has not received formal approval through the body's official decisionmaking channels.
the suspect's need for a neutral determination of probable cause increases significantly.... Pretrial confinement may imperil the suspect's job, interrupt his source of income, and impair his family relationships.... When the stakes are this high, the detached judgment of a neutral magistrate is essential if the Fourth Amendment is to furnish meaningful protection from unfounded interference with liberty.
FORREST CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT | YES |
CHIEF JOE GOFF | YES |
SGT. BILL DOOLEY | NO |
OFFICER DUEY [sic] RAMSEY | NO |
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