CHARACTERISTICS OF CHALLENGED CIRCUITS |
---|
Circuit | Total | % of Black | Circuit | District |
---|
Population | Voting Age | Judges | Judges |
---|
Population | (white/black) | (white/black) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
4th | 106,531 | 49% | 2/0 | — |
5th | 120,511 | 38% | 3/0 | — |
6th | 150,522 | 23% | 3/0 | — |
7th | 128,764 | 16% | 4/0 | — |
10th | 651,525 | 32% | 24/3 | 11/0 |
13th | 378,643 | 28% | 10/1 | 4/1 |
15th | 209,085 | 38% | 7/1 | 3/0 |
20th | 96,705 | 22% | 3/0 | — |
Circuit | Total | % of Black | Circuit | District |
---|
Population | Voting Age | Judges | Judges |
---|
Population | (white/black) | (white/black) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
23rd | 238,912 | 19% | 6/0 | — |
26th | 46,860 | 36% | 2/0 | 2/0 |
CUMULATIVE ADMISSIONS INTO ALABAMA STATE BAR |
---|
Cumulative |
---|
Year | Number Admitted | Total Admitted |
---|
1927 | 0 | 0 |
1937 | 1 | 1 |
1938 | 1 | 2 |
1947 | 1 | 3 |
1948 | 2 | 5 |
1950 | 1 | 6 |
1951 | 2 | 8 |
1953 | 2 | 10 |
1954 | 1 | 11 |
1957 | 1 | 12 |
1958 | 3 | 15 |
1959 | 2 | 17 |
1960 | 1 | 18 |
1961 | 1 | 19 |
1966 | 1 | 20 |
1967 | 1 | 21 |
1968 | 2 | 23 |
1971 | 2 | 25 |
1972 | 3 | 28 |
1973 | 7 | 35 |
1974 | 7 | 42 |
1975 | 10 | 52 |
1976 | 13 | 65 |
1977 | 10 | 75 |
1978 | 5 | 80 |
1979 | 17 | 97 |
1980 | 10 | 107 |
1981 | 15 | 122 |
1982 | 28 | 150 |
1983 | 7 | 157 |
1984 | 20 | 177 |
1985 | 7 | 184 |
1986 | 8 | 192 |
1987 | 15 | 207 |
1988 | 22 | 229 |
1989 | 26 | 255 |
1990 | 19 | 274 |
1991 | 21 | 295 |
ACTIVE LAWYERS BY CIRCUIT BY RACE |
---|
Circuit | No. Black | % Black | No. White | % White |
---|---|---|---|---|
4th | 15 | 16.3 | 77 | 83.7 |
5th | 13 | 14.6 | 76 | 85.4 |
6th | 12 | 3.3 | 357 | 96.7 |
7th | 6 | 4.1 | 140 | 95.9 |
10th | 105 | 3.5 | 2909 | 96.4 |
13th | 20 | 2.1 | 934 | 97.8 |
15th | 56 | 5.3 | 1003 | 94.7 |
20th | 5 | 3.4 | 142 | 96.6 |
23rd | 15 | 3.3 | 445 | 96.3 |
26th | 4 | 7.6 | 49 | 92.4 |
BLACK COHESION AND WHITE CROSSOVER: 1980S ELECTIONS |
---|
Circuit | Black Cohesion % | White Crossover % |
---|
4th | 85 | 15 |
5th | 74 | 21 |
6th | 76 | 20 |
7th | 79 | 25 |
10th | 88 | 22 |
13th | 77 | 20 |
15th | 70 | 22 |
20th | 73 | 20 |
23rd | 84 | 22 |
26th | 73 | 16 |
[I]t is difficult ... to conceive of a more inefficient and damaging way of electing judges than to have them all run in competition with each other.... There is a problem now of getting the best qualified lawyers to seek judgeships. This problem would be compounded if potential judicial candidates realized that at election time all judges would have as opponents their colleagues on the bench. Such a system would hardly tend to cause harmonious collegiality on the bench, and the heightened probability that one would have the costly task of running for reelection at the conclusion of each term would make seeking judicial office substantially less attractive.
REAPPORTIONMENT PLAN: CURRENT CIRCUIT DATA |
---|
Current | Total | Black | % | % |
---|
Circuits | Pop. | Pop. | Black | Black VAP |
---|---|---|---|---|
Second | ||||
Butler | 21,892 | 8,798 | 40 | 35 |
Crenshaw | 13,635 | 3,544 | 26 | 24 |
Lowndes | 12,658 | 9,456 | 75 | 70 |
48,185 | 21,798 | 45 | 40 | |
Third | ||||
Barbour | 25,417 | 11,194 | 44 | 40 |
Bullock | 11,042 | 7,986 | 72 | 67 |
36,459 | 19,180 | 53 | 48 | |
Fourth | ||||
Bibb | 16,576 | 3,478 | 21 | 18 |
Dallas | 48,130 | 27,825 | 58 | 53 |
Hale | 15,498 | 9,214 | 59 | 55 |
Perry | 12,759 | 8,219 | 64 | 57 |
Wilcox | 13,568 | 9,353 | 69 | 63 |
106,531 | 58,089 | 55 | 49 | |
Fifth | ||||
Chambers | 36,876 | 13,221 | 36 | 32 |
Macon | 24,928 | 21,340 | 86 | 84 |
Randolph | 19,881 | 4,686 | 24 | 21 |
Tallapoosa | 38,826 | 10,212 | 26 | 23 |
120,511 | 49,459 | 41 | 38 |
Current | Total | Black | % | % |
---|
Circuits | Pop. | Pop. | Black | Black VAP |
---|
Thirty–Fifth | ||||
Conecuh | 14,054 | 5,925 | 42 | 38 |
Monroe | 23,968 | 9,372 | 39 | 35 |
38,022 | 15,297 | 40 | 36 | |
REAPPORTIONMENT PLAN: PROPOSED CIRCUIT DATA |
---|
Proposed | Total | Black | % | % |
---|
Circuits | Pop. | Pop. | Black | Black VAP |
---|
Third | ||||
Barbour | 25,417 | 11,194 | 44 | 40 |
Bullock | 11,042 | 7,986 | 72 | 67 |
Macon | 24,928 | 21,340 | 86 | 84 |
61,387 | 40,520 | 66 | 63 | |
Fourth | ||||
Dallas | 48,130 | 27,825 | 58 | 53 |
Hale | 15,498 | 9,214 | 59 | 55 |
Perry | 12,759 | 8,219 | 64 | 57 |
76,387 | 45,258 | 59 | 54 | |
Thirty–Fifth | ||||
Lowndes | 12,658 | 9,456 | 75 | 70 |
Monroe | 23,968 | 9,372 | 39 | 35 |
Wilcox | 13,568 | 9,353 | 69 | 63 |
50,194 | 28,181 | 56 | 51 |
First, the minority group must be able to demonstrate that it is sufficiently large and geographically compact.... Second, the minority group must be able to show that it is politically cohesive.... Third, the minority must be able to demonstrate that the majority votes sufficiently as a bloc to enable it—in the absence of special circumstances, such as the minority candidate running unopposed,—usually to defeat the minority's preferred candidate.
Circuit | % of Black Voting Age Population | % of Average White Crossover vote | Number of Judgeships | Number of Appointed Black Judges | Number of Elected Black Judges |
---|
4th | 49% | 15% | 2 | 0 | 0 |
5th | 38% | 21% | 3 | 0 | 0 |
6th | 23% | 20% | 3 | 0 | 0 |
7th | 16% | 25% | 4 | 0 | 0 |
10th | 32% | 22% | 35 | 3 | 0 |
13th | 28% | 20% | 14 | 2 | 0 |
15th | 38% | 22% | 10 | 1 | 0 |
20th | 22% | 20% | 3 | 0 | 0 |
23rd | 19% | 22% | 6 | 0 | 0 |
26th | 36% | 16% | 4 | 0 | 0 |
Total | — | — | 84 | 6 | 0 |
Prior to 1927 a person was a “negro” if descended on the part of the father or mother from negro ancestors, to the fifth generation inclusive, although one ancestor may have been a white person. See Code 1923, § 2(5). At this time there was a great diversity among the states as to the legal definition of a “negro,” which resulted in the regrettable situation of a person today being legally a white person, and tomorrow after a short
migration, being legally a colored person. In 1927, the legislative bodies of a great many states, working along with same line, amended their statutes so as to define the term as defined in the instant section. This definition, while a strict one, has the advantage of being sure and uniform.
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