As the text demonstrates, Congress did not explicitly foreclose an action under
§ 1983. Thus, the relevant question is whether Congress did so “impliedly, by creating a comprehensive enforcement scheme that is incompatible with individual enforcement.”
Id. Again, to read the statute is to answer the question. Section 7 contains no enforcement scheme at all. And, as we have explained above, although section 3 of the Privacy Act contains a comprehensive remedial scheme, section 3 specifically states that its remedial scheme applies
only to section 3. Thus, the presumption that the rights conferred by section 7 of the Privacy Act may be vindicated via a suit under
§ 1983 stands, and we hold that the rights conferred by section 7 may be enforced under
§ 1983.