As these pronouncements have been worked out in our cases, it has become apparent that the larger variations from substantial equality are too great to be justified by any state interest so far suggested. There were thus the enormous variations struck down in the early cases beginning with Reynolds v. Sims, as well as the much smaller, but nevertheless unacceptable deviations, appearing in later cases such as Swann v. Adams, 385 U.S. 440, 87 S.Ct. 569, 17 L.Ed.2d 501 (1967); Kilgarlin v. Hill, 386 U.S. 120, 87 S.Ct. 820, 17 L.Ed.2d 771 (1967); and Whitcomb v. Chavis, 403 U.S. 124, 161-163, 91 S.Ct. 1858, 1878-1879, 29 L.Ed.2d 363 (1971).11
1971 Act | August 11, 1981 Act | ||
---|---|---|---|
1. | Maximum Population | ||
Variance | 16.4% | 26.63% | |
2. | Maximum Population | ||
Variance (Excluding | |||
Eastern Shore) | 16.4% | 22.13% | |
3. | Average Deviation | ||
from Ideal Size | ±3.89% | ±4.90% | |
4. | Average Deviation | ||
from Ideal Size | |||
(Excluding Eastern | |||
Shore) | ±3.49% | ±4.69% | |
5. | Number of Districts | ||
Exceeding 5% | |||
Deviation | 16 | 20 | |
6. | Number of Districts | ||
Exceeding 5% | |||
Deviation (Excluding | |||
Eastern Shore) | 15 | 19 | |
7. | Ratio of Largest to | ||
Smallest Districts | 1.18 to 1 | 1.31 to 1 | |
8. | Ratio of Largest to | ||
Smallest Districts | |||
(Excluding Eastern | |||
Shore) | 1.18 to 1 | 1.24 to 1 | |
9. | Percent of | ||
Population Able to | |||
Elect a Majority | |||
of Delegates | 49.2% | 48.97% |
A P P E N D I X | |||
---|---|---|---|
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | |||
1981 HOUSE OF DELEGATES DISTRICTS | |||
---|---|---|---|
ACTS OF ASSEMBLY, 1981 SPECIAL SESSION, CHAPTER 12 | |||
---|---|---|---|
(August 11, 1981) | |||
535, 540, 98 S.Ct. 2493, 2497, 57 L.Ed.2d 411 | |||
(1978); Burns v. Richardson, 384 U.S. 73, 83- | |||
85, 89, S.Ct. 1286, 1292-1293, 1295, 16 | |||
L.Ed.2d 376 (1966). | |||
DELEGATES | DISTRICT | POPULATION | DEVIATION |
---|---|---|---|
1. Dickenson | 19,806 | ||
Lee | 25,956 | ||
Norton | 4,757 | ||
Scott | 25,068 | ||
Wise | 43,863 | ||
2 | 119,450 | +11.71% | |
2. Bristol | 19,042 | ||
Smyth | 33,366 | ||
Washington | 46,487 | ||
2 | 98,895 | -7.51% | |
3. Buchanan | 37,989 | ||
Russell | 31,761 | ||
Tazewell | 50,511 | ||
2 | 120,261 | +12.47% | |
4. Bland | 6,349 | ||
Grayson | 16,579 | ||
Wythe | 25,522 | ||
Galax | 6,524 | ||
1 | 54,974 | +2.83% | |
5. Carroll | 27,270 | ||
Giles | 17,810 | ||
Montgomery | 63,516 | ||
Pulaski | 35,229 | ||
Radford | 13,225 | ||
3 | 157,050 | -2.08% | |
6. Roanoke City | 100,427 | ||
2 | 100,427 | -6.08% | |
7. Craig | 3,948 | ||
Roanoke County | 72,945 | ||
Salem | 23,958 | ||
2 | 100,851 | -5.68% | |
8. Alleghany | 14,333 | ||
Botetourt | 23,270 | ||
Clifton Forge | 5,046 | ||
Covington | 9,063 | ||
1 | 51,712 | -3.28% | |
9. Bedford County | 34,927 | ||
Franklin County | 35,740 | ||
Rockbridge | 17,911 | ||
Buena Vista | 6,717 | ||
Lexington | 7,292 | ||
Bedford City | 5,991 | ||
2 | 108,578 | +1.54% | |
10. Augusta | 53,732 | ||
Bath | 5,860 | ||
Highland | 2,937 | ||
Staunton | 21,857 | ||
Waynesboro | 15,329 | ||
2 | 99,715 | -6.74% | |
11. Amherst | 29,122 | ||
Nelson | 12,204 | ||
Lynchburg | 66,743 | ||
2 | 108,069 | +1.07% | |
12. Floyd | 11,563 | ||
Henry | 57,654 | ||
Martinsville | 18,149 | ||
Patrick | 17,585 | ||
2 | 104,951 | -1.85% | |
13. Campbell | 45,424 | ||
Pittsylvania | 66,147 | ||
Danville | 45,642 | ||
3 | 157,213 | -1.98% | |
14. Charlotte | 12,266 | ||
Halifax | 30,418 | ||
South Boston | 7,093 | ||
1 | 49,777 | -6.89% | |
15. Greene | 7,625 | ||
Rockingham | 57,038 | ||
Shenandoah | 27,559 | ||
Harrisonburg | 19,671 | ||
2 | 111,893 | +4.65% | |
16. Frederick | 34,150 | ||
Winchester | 20,217 | ||
1 | 54,367 | +1.69% | |
17. Loudoun | 57,427 | ||
1 | 57,427 | +7.41% | |
18. Clarke | 9,965 | ||
Page | 19,401 | ||
Rappahannock | 6,093 | ||
Warren | 21,200 | ||
1 | 56,659 | +5.98% | |
19. Culpepper | 22,620 | ||
Fauquier | 35,889 | ||
1 | 58,509 | +9.44% | |
20. Stafford | 40,470 | ||
Fredericksburg | 15,322 | ||
1 | 55,792 | +4.36% | |
21. Alexandria | 103.217 | ||
2 | 103,217 | -3.47% | |
22. Arlington | 152.599 | ||
3 | 152,599 | -4.86% | |
23. Manassas | 15,438 | ||
Manassas Park | 6,524 | ||
Prince William | 144,703 | ||
3 | 166,665 | +3.91% | |
24. Albemarle | 50,689 | ||
Fluvanna | 10,244 | ||
Charlottesville | 45,010 | ||
2 | 105,943 | -0.92% | |
25. Amelia | 8,405 | ||
Appomattox | 11,971 | ||
Buckingham | 11,751 | ||
Cumberland | 7,881 | ||
Prince Edward | 16,456 | ||
1 | 56,464 | +5.61% | |
26. Nottoway | 14,666 | ||
Lunenburg | 12,124 | ||
Mecklenburg | 29,444 | ||
1 | 56,234 | +5.18% | |
27. Brunswick | 15,632 | ||
Dinwiddie | 22,602 | ||
Greensville | 10,903 | ||
Emporia | 4,840 | ||
Sussex | 10,874 | ||
Petersburg | 41,055 | ||
2 | 105,906 | -0.95% | |
29. Goochland | 11,761 | ||
Louisa | 17,825 | ||
Madison | 10,232 | ||
Orange | 17,827 | ||
1 | 57,645 | +7.82% | |
30. Caroline | 17,904 | ||
Spotsylvania | 34,435 | ||
1 | 52,339 | -2.10% | |
32. Henrico | 180,735 | ||
Hanover | 50,398 | ||
4 | 231,133 | +8.08% | |
33. Richmond City | 219,214 | ||
4 | 219,214 | +2.51% | |
34. Chesterfield | 141,372 | ||
Powhatan | 13,062 | ||
Colonial Heights | 16,509 | ||
3 | 170,943 | +6.58% | |
35. Prince George | 25,733 | ||
Charles City | 6,692 | ||
Hopewell | 23,397 | ||
1 | 55,822 | +4.41% | |
36. Chesapeake | 114,226 | ||
2 | 114,226 | +6.83% | |
37. Norfolk | 266,979 | ||
5 | 266,979 | -0.13% | |
38. Virginia Beach | 262,199 | ||
5 | 262,199 | -1.91% | |
39. Portsmouth | 104,577 | ||
2 | 104,577 | -2.20% | |
41. Suffolk | 47,621 | ||
Franklin City | 7,308 | ||
Isle of Wight | 21,603 | ||
Southampton | 18,731 | ||
Surry | 6,046 | ||
2 | 101,309 | -5.25% | |
42. Accomack | 31,268 | ||
Northampton | 14,625 | ||
1 | 45,893 | -14.16% | |
43. King George | 10,543 | ||
Lancaster | 10,129 | ||
Northcumberland | 9,828 | ||
Richmond County | 6,952 | ||
Westmoreland | 14,041 | ||
1 | 51,493 | -3.68% | |
44. Essex | 8,864 | ||
Gloucester | 20,107 | ||
King and Queen | 5,968 | ||
King William | 9,327 | ||
Mathews | 7,995 | ||
Middlesex | 7,719 | ||
1 | 59,980 | +12.19% | |
45. Hampton | 122,617 | ||
2 | |||
46. James City | 22,763 | ||
New Kent | 8,781 | -2.63% | |
York | 35,463 | ||
Poquoson | 8,726 | ||
Williamsburg | 9,870 | ||
1 | 85,603 | ||
1 | 47. Floater 45 and 46 | 208,220 | |
48. Newport News | 144,903 | ||
3 | 144,903 | -9.66% | |
49. Fairfax | 147,310 | ||
Falls Church | 9,515 | ||
3 | 156,825 | -2.22% | |
50. Fairfax | 137,783 | ||
Fairfax City | 19,390 | ||
3 | 157,173 | -2.01% | |
51. Fairfax | 155,204 | ||
3 | 155,204 | -3.23% | |
52. Fairfax | 156,604 | ||
3 | 156,604 | -2.36% |
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